tert-Butanol

tert-Butanol (C4H10O) is the simplest tertiary alcohol. It is an organic compound where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a tertiary carbon atom (a carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups). It is a colorless liquid, although it can also appear as a solid at lower temperatures. The substance is known for its camphor-like odor.

Chemical Formula

The formula for tert-butanol is C4H10O, meaning it consists of four carbon atoms, ten hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.

Isomers of Butanol

tert-Butanol is an isomer of butanol, sharing the same molecular formula (C4H10O) but differing in structure. The four isomers of butanol are:

1. 1-Butanol (n-Butanol): A primary alcohol with a straight-chain carbon structure.

2. Isobutanol: A secondary alcohol with a hydroxyl group attached to a branched carbon chain.

3. Butan-2-ol: A secondary alcohol with the hydroxyl group attached to the central carbon in a straight chain.

4. tert-Butanol (t-BuOH): A tertiary alcohol with the hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom connected to three methyl groups.

Physical Properties

• Appearance: Colorless with a camphor-like odor.

• Melting Point: Approximately 25 °C, meaning it can be a solid at lower temperatures but is a liquid at room temperature.

• Boiling Point: 82.2 °C.

• Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, and diethyl ether, making it a versatile solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds.

Applications of tert-Butanol

• Solvent: tert-Butanol is used as a solvent in various industrial and chemical processes, including the production of paints, varnishes, coatings, and some pharmaceuticals.

• Chemical Synthesis: It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, such as isobutyl alcohol, isobutylene, and butenes.

• Fuel Additive: It can be used as an additive in fuels (e.g., gasoline) to reduce emissions and enhance fuel quality.

• Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics: tert-Butanol is also used in some pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products as a solvent.

Safety

• Flammability: tert-Butanol is a flammable liquid and should be handled with care. It must be stored away from heat sources and open flames.

• Health Risks: Inhalation of vapors may irritate the respiratory tract, and contact with skin and eyes can cause irritation. Long-term exposure to high concentrations should be avoided.

Summary

tert-Butanol (t-BuOH) is a tertiary alcohol with the formula C4H10O, known for being the simplest tertiary alcohol. It is widely used as a solvent, in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel additive. It is colorless, has a camphor-like odor, and is miscible with water, ethanol, and diethyl ether. While it is flammable and requires careful handling, it is a versatile and valuable chemical in industrial applications.

 

tert-Butanol is available in bulk, IBC, drums, and cans.

 

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